Application of Crispr-Cas 9 in Food and Agriculture Science: A Narrative Review by Paroma Arefin in Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research
Genetic diversity is the foundation for introducing plant development programs. Scientists and breeders used various methods, ranging from modern crossing to classical biotechnologies, to address the restricted incidence of natural mutations. Incomplete gene disruption or spontaneous injection of transgenes into plant genomes also occurs in earlier generations of knockout and gain-offunction technologies. Recent advances in genetic engineering has brought numerous benefits to the food and agriculture sector by improving the essential features of agricultural features. The CRISPR / Cas9 technology emerges from a bacterial immune system of type II and represents a new age of selective genome editing technology that can be spread to almost all species. In this paper, we have focused on advancements in the utilization of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in the food and agricultural industry, particularly in the development of resistant crops with improved quality and productivity.
Keywords: CRISPR / Cas9 technology; Application in food and agriculture; Gene editing; Crop improvement; Future perspectives.
Introduction
Over one billion people in today's world are suffering from chronic malnutrition, while our agricultural production are declining at the same time, compounded by the loss of biodiversity and the growing challenges of climate change. With the global population expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, contemporary agriculture will face huge challenges, requiring higher yields and improved quality crops, and requiring less inputs [1-3]. While conventional breeding is presently the most commonly used approach to plant improvement, it is labor intensive and typically takes many years to advance from the initial stages of sampling phenotypes and genotypes to the first crosses into industrial varieties.
The food industry has a 2050 time limit for developing and expanding the food supply chain in order to support the growing population in the world. Progress is required for this reason through crops, livestock and microbes [4,5]. Researchers have been trying to take the steps needed to achieve this milestone since 2005, but efforts have failed. The food production sector is now in a position to make some of its most exciting developments since the Green Revolution with the advent of CRISPRs and CRISPR (Cas) proteins [4,6].
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