Medical Treatment Method of “Bio-robotic Resonance and Thermodynamical Interaction” with Analogy of “Frequency – Resonance Setting Formation” on the Application of “Algorithm for Smart Drugs Controlled by a Bio-robotic System” developed for the “Treatment of Covid-19, Coronavirus and Virus Infections” by Emin Taner Elmas in Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research

Medical Treatment Method of “Bio-robotic Resonance and Thermodynamical Interaction”  with  Analogy  of  “Frequency  –  Resonance  Setting  Formation”  on  the  Application of “Algorithm for Smart Drugs Controlled by a Bio-robotic System” developed for the “Treatment of Covid-19, Coronavirus and Virus Infections” by Emin Taner Elmas in Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research

Abstract
This study introduces a unique and useful method developed for the medical treatment of the Covid-19, coronavirus and other virus diseases by applying a “Bio-robotic Resonance and Thermo dynamical Interaction” with Analogy of “Frequency – Resonance Setting Formation on the Application of “Algorithm for Smart Drugs Controlled by a Bio-robotic System”. By this methodology, it is assumed that the frequency curves for both coronavirus RNA configuration and the drug algorithm are sinusoidal waves. In that case, when the frequency modulation interval of drug algorithm created by a bio-robotic system is overlapped and superposed with the frequency change interval of virus structural RNA configuration, the activation of the virus may be destroyed similar to energy dissipation generated by two sinusoidal waves which exterminate each other.

Thanks to the thermo dynamical interaction between the virus and the drug realized through the borders of open cell system, the operating mechanism of virus RNA structure shall be broken. Therefore, at least the negative effects of the viruses can be slow down and the immune system can take the body control again, so the treatment of the patient change for the better. If this unique useful medical treatment method is regarded as a great team work explained here and after having put into medical treatment practice successfully, it is obviously clear that a considerable amount of contribution for the coronavirus treatment can be provided and the all the humankind can get benefit for their health and lives.

Keywords: Coronavirus; Covid-19; Virus; Bio-robotic; Smart Drug; Frequency; Resonance; Analogy; Thermo dynamical Interaction; Medical Thermodynamics; Bioprocess; Energy Transfer; Mass Transfer; Medical Technique; Medical Engineering; Bioengineering

Introduction
As it is known, Covid-19 and the other Corona viruses are structural RNA viruses and it is assumed that they are changing RNA configuration and permutation continuously. Due to this endless structural RNA dynamism, the drugs cannot deactivate the virus. If we make an analogy which is as follows: let us consider a radio transmitter station which changes its broadcasting frequency continuously, in such a case the signal receiver can respond the particular changes of broadcasting frequency and it may be possible to catch the required frequency in order to listen to the broadcasting. However, if the radio transmitter changes its broadcasting frequency very often, it shall not be possible to listen to the broadcasting, due to the fact that; if the rate of change for radio transmitter frequency is greater than the capturing ability of frequency modulation of receiver system, it shall not be possible to listen to the radio broadcasting. We can make an assumption that the coronaviruses behave as if they are a radio transmitter station which are changing RNA configuration and permutation continuously and therefore we can also make another assumption that the drugs used for deactivating the viruses behave as if they are radio receiver systems. Therefore, it may be possible to build an analogy between the binary systems of “coronavirus-drug” and “radio transmitter and receiver”. By this study, it is aimed to develop a methodology in order to eliminate the pathogen effects of coronavirus and to treat the patients carrying the virus and to rehabilitate them. This methodology is briefly named as “Medical Treatment Method of “Bio-robotic Resonance and Thermo dynamical Interaction”

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An Extensive Review of Health and Economy of Bangladesh Amid Covid-19 Pandemic by Abdul Kader Mohiuddin in Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research

An Extensive Review of Health and Economy of Bangladesh Amid Covid-19 Pandemic by Abdul Kader Mohiuddin in Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research

Abstract
COVID-19 has affected 212 countries around the world, killing more than 287,000 and infecting more than 4.2 million by May 12, 2020. Bangladesh, a South Asian low-middle-income economy, has experienced a demographic and epidemiological transition with rapid urbanization and a gradual increase in life expectancy. It is the seventh most populous country in the world and population of the country is expected to be nearly double by 2050. The increasing burden of communicable diseases in Bangladesh can be attributable to rapid urbanization and nearly 50% of all slum dwellers of the country live in Dhaka division. In 2017, National Rapid Response Team of IEDCR investigated 26 incidents of disease outbreak. The joint survey of the Power and Participation Research Centre and BRAC Institute of Governance and Development reveals that per capita daily income of urban slum and rural poor drops by 80% due to present countrywide shutdown enforced by the government to halt the spread of Covid-19. 40%-50% of these population took loans to meet the daily expenses. However, the country has just 127,000 hospital beds, 91,000 of them in government-run hospitals.

Keywords: Covid-19 Lockdown; Shortage of PPEs; Global Pandemic Crisis; Incentives for Officials at Risk

Abbreviations: IEDCR: Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research; BRAC: Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee
Introduction

Notwithstanding the depressing state of major indicators such as negative export-import growth [1-4]; significant revenue drop [5-8]; shrinking private sector investment [9-12]; rising un-performing loans documented in 2019 [13-16]. Bangladesh’s government was optimistic that somehow the depressing trend of these indicators might be reversed. But this optimism has now been seriously dented with the severe onslaught of Covid-19. The decline in national and global demand for manufactured goods, particularly in the garment sector, risks creating unemployment and deepen poverty. The urban poor will be hardest hit while the number of additional poor will be higher in rural areas. The IEDCR was Bangladesh’s only Institute with testing facilities for COVID-19 until March 26, when a second facility was granted testing rights. Centralized testing has not yet been able to respond effectively to the wave of suspected COVID-19 patients in these under-resourced public institutions. Amidst this global crisis, Bangladesh has been identified as one of the 25 most vulnerable countries to be affected by the fast-spreading virus [17,18]. By 25. 04. 2020, it was confirmed in 63 out of 64 districts (Figure 1) [19].

 The combined capacity of 19 corona testing laboratories is around 5,000 samples per day, but in the last few days, authorities have conducted only 2,100 tests. Unwillingness of the authorities concerned and bureaucratic complexities have indicated that the availability of a kit delays the detection of the novel coronavirus infection. Moreover, the government in Bangladesh has not so far sought to proactively limit transmission from primary cases to community.

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Indian Temperature Scenario: “No Global Warming Trend”_Biogeneric Publishers

Indian Temperature Scenario: “No Global Warming Trend”

Abstract
Indian climate is highly variable in space and time. Temperature is a part of it. It is influenced by several localized and regionalized factors such as oceans/seas on three sides (South, East & West), mighty Himalayan Mountain Ranges in the North; other hill ranges such as Western Ghats, Water Resources, etc. They as such don’t contribute to trend in temperature. Some of these are changed by mankind to meet their needs & greed under increasing population. Human induced changes in terms of land use and land cover do contribute to trend in temperature but they are mostly localized or at the most regionalized changes only. These are clearly reflected in Indian temperatures. Several groups studied Indian temperatures using seasonal, annual & decadal of maximum, minimum & mean at station, state & country levels. One such study claims there is 1.2 oC/100 years increase in Indian annual average temperature; another major study showed the trends varying from < 0.0 to around 1.5 oC over different parts in India. In India on the northwest the Thar Desert and on the northeast humid zone form the major heat wave and the cold wave zones. South-central zones present dry areas with higher temperature regime. Scientific groups are not interested to talk on the local-regional-national level variations in the temperature that affect agriculture. Truly speaking there is no global warming as such in Indian temperature. One must remember the fact that the location data is affected by several localized factors. Thus local and regional and thus national averages give contradicting inferences.

Keywords: Global warming; climate change; heat & cold waves; heat & cold islands; climate system & general circulation patterns

Introduction
There has been a high-pitch “hue and cry” around the world on the so-called “global warming and its impacts”. This propaganda has been directly or indirectly affecting the national economies, agriculture and irrigation; and thus knowingly and unknowingly that has been affecting people below the poverty line around the world. Globally several agencies have been taking part in this mischievous propaganda in which some are showing graphs by manipulating historical temperature data series and some others doing the propaganda by spending huge sums. On both sides’ business houses, NGOs, Multinational Companies, International Agencies like UN Organizations, World Bank, IMF, etc. have been involved with vested interests. This is clearly reflected in USA President’s cancellation of funds to WHO a UN body. Politicians around the world became pawns in this game. They are not interested to talk on the local-regional-national level variations in climate that includes temperature that affect agriculture.


In this process, at COP-21 the target was fixed for global warming as 1.5 to 2.0 oC; and fixed for green fund as $100 billion per year for five years – COP-25 in Madrid in December 2019 failed in reaching an agreement to share the meagre collections and posted for COP-26 to be held in Glasgow in Scotland on 9-18th November 2020, which is now postponed to 2021 with Covid-19. With the USA government’s withdrawal from this group the funds flow has come down drastically; and thus pro-global warming groups started attacking Trump and his government left and right but Trump hasn’t changed his opinion/policy even an inch. At this stage those pro-global warming groups brought in a well-trained young Swedish Girl. To counter her, a German teenage girl was roped in. The Swedish girl has been making loud statements including attacking Trump, the US President and getting awards/rewards with no or little knowledge on the science of climate and the science of climate change, at least what the IPCC or UNFCCC or WMO said in their respective reports. For her it is global warming and carbon credits. Here she invariably uses the word “climate change” as de-facto “global warming”, as she is shy of using the word global warming. Sometimes the global warming groups using “human caused or induced climate change”. However, according to IPCC’s AR5 all that caused by humans is not global warming. Therefore, we must demand those pro-global warming groups, use the word “global warming” and not “climate change” as climate change is a vast subject and climate covers several meteorological parameters.

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A Study on Assessments of the Variants of Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx Mori L.)Breeds ‘Nistari’ using Biochemical & Molecular Markers_Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research

A  Study  on  Assessments  of  the  Variants  of  Mulberry  Silkworm  (Bombyx  Mori  L.)Breeds ‘Nistari’ using Biochemical & Molecular Markers_Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research

Abstract

Nistari, is an indigenous poly voltine breed of mulberry silkworm (B.mori L.). Though Nistari is not a highly productive, but gene(s) imparting to thermo-tolerance and resistant many pathogens are conserved in this poly voltine silkworm breed. Among poly voltine silkworm breeds, Nistari is the oldest breed that is being reared in India. Sericulture in eastern India is highly dependent on ‘Nistari’ as the breed can survive extreme climatic variations and disease-resistant properties. In fact, in the high temperature and humidity conditions of West Bengal, the Nistari breed is used as one of the components of hybrids (Multi x Multi and Multi x Bi) commercially reared during five seasons February, April, June, September, and November. On the basis of acclimatization in different regions of eastern India, different variants (=strains) of Nistari are available in West Bengal. Depending upon the locality/area of availability, such variants are known as Nistari-Batepur, Nistari-Chalsa, Nistari-Shivnivas, and Nistari-Debra. Moreover, some other strains like Nistari-Plain, Nistari-Marked, Nistari-White and Nistari-Sex-limited variants are quite frequent in different areas of West Bengal. These variant names are on the basis of larval and cocoon characteristics. All these mentioned Nistari strains exhibit phenotypic variations like cocoon weight, shell weight and markings on larval surface. With this background following study is proposed to study variation among strains of Nistari at biochemical (using enzymatic and non-enzymatic cellular components, molecular level (using microsatellite markers)) and repairing of DNA damage ability and along with the differences in yield traits of Nistari variants available in Institute’s repository.

 Keywords: Sericulture; Nistari; DNA; Molecular markers; Coccon

Abbreviations: ROS - Reactive Oxygen Species; CAT - Catalase Activity; SOD - Superoxide Dismutase Specific Activity; TSS - Total Soluble Sugar Content; LPO - Lipid Peroxidation as a Function of Malonaldehyde Oxidation; APOX - Ascorbate Peroxidase Activity; H2O2 - Hydrogen Peroxide Titre
Introduction

Sericulture of eastern region is highly dependent on Nistari as it is the hardy polyvoltine breed which can survive extreme climatic conditions of this region. Nistari is used for producing cocoon on commercial scale in West Bengal and other states of eastern India. On the basis of acclimatization in different region of eastern India it has been called by area names such as Nistari-Batepur, Nistari-Chalsa, Nistari-Shivnivas and Nistari-Debra. Moreover there are other strains too named as Nistari-Plain, Nistari-Marked, Nistari-White and Nistari-Sex-limited [1]. All strains of Nistari reportedly conserved genes imparting thermo tolerance and disease resistant though the breed is not productive 2. Some strains of Nistari show better fecundity, larval and cocoon characters 3.Sericulture in Eastern India demands region and season specific breeds due to its fluctuating climatic conditions 4.Nistari plain reportedly having better survival and cocoon yield; while Nistari marked has high shell weight and shell ratio.

Chalsa and Debra have better performance over plain and marked strains of Nistari. Nistari Debra+P which is derived from the crossing of Nistari Plain and marked, has enhanced fecundity and yield parameters 3. Studies suggest that phenotypic variability among Nistari strains is due to environmental variability rather than genetic variability. But inadequate information is available on the reason of variation among Nistari strains found in Eastern India. To study the genetic variability among various available strains of Nistari molecular markers can be used. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by cellular metabolism and by exogenous agents in the cells. ROS include a number of chemical reactive molecules derived from oxygen, such as super-oxide anions, singlet oxygen, hydrogen-peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Over production of ROS can cause oxidative damage of various bio-molecules, especially lipids and proteins. The lipid per oxidation induced cellular leakage due to free radicals is one of the major reasons of cell death .The DNA is also the major target of direct and/or indirect action of generated ROSs. The harmful effect of the free radicals can however, be blocked by antioxidant substances. Like many insects, during biotic and a biotic challenges imbalance between oxidant generation and antioxidant defese occurs in silkworm. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated anti-oxidative enzyme system plays an important role in biotic /abiotic stress resistance in various insects. Various stress inducted ROS usually reacts with proteins, lipids and DNA, causing oxidative damage and impairing the normal functions of cells 4.Many researchers correlated some of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated enzymes like superoxide dismutase (ROS), ascorbate per oxidase (APOX), catalyse (CAT) and non-enzymatic component like H2O2 generations and lipid per oxidation. Besides, stress induced DNA damage is also considered as a major event during a biotic stresses. Though some strains of Nistari showed varying degree of biotic and stress tolerances, but information is lacking on the comparative analysis of these major anti oxidative groups among the available strains of Nistari. The relationship with radical scavenging potentials and oxidative stress induced DNA damage repair abilities of the available Nistari resources are also not known.
Objectives of Study

a. Assessment of variability of available ‘Nistari’ variants using ROS stabilizing enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of mulberry silkworm

b. Evaluation of stress induced DNA damage repairing ability of ‘Nistari’ variants

c. Assessment of genetic variability of ‘Nistari’ variants using Microsatellite markers.
Materials and Methods

Six strains (=variants) of poly voltine silkworm (Bombyxmori L.) breed Nistari were selected for the study. These six [Nistari strains- plain, marked, chalsa, Debra, white and Sex-limited Y (YSL)] strains were reared under recommended temperature and humidity. While, for different biochemical assessments, haemolymph of fifth instar (4th day) larvae was collected by pricking the 1st abdominal proleg of each larva using 1.5mL of sterile microfuge tube contacting 5-10mg of phenylthiourea. Subsequently, haemocytes were separated from haemolymph by centrifugation at 5000rpm for 10min at 4 °C and haemolymph plasma was stored at -35 °C for further use.
Results and Discussion

1.1.             Assessment of Variability of Available ‘Nistari’ Variants Using ROS Associated Non-Enzymatic and Enzymatic and Components

Six strains of Nistari namely Plain, Marked, Chalsa, Debra+P, White and Y-Sex-limited are maintained in institute’s repository which were reared twice during January-February 2018 and April-May 2018 following standardized protocol. Haemolymph was collected from 5th instar larvae and store at -35 °C in 0.5mL aliquots for estimation / assessment of different parameters.

Nistari variants (=strain) originated from B.mori L. varied significantly for the haemolymph contents of H2O2, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total soluble protein (TSS) as well as the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; Table 1). Variations of antioxidative enzyme activities in the tested strains of Nistari were generally much higher than the anti-oxidative non-enzymatic components and TSS. Among the enzymes, variation of APOX activity was maximum (5.4 fold), followed by CAT (3.5 fold); while SOD was the least variable (1.6 fold).Among the tested non-enzymatic components, variation of LPO was maximum (3.3fold).

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