A Study on Strength and Durability Properties of Vermiculite Mortar by S Sreeja* in
Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research
Abstract
The material like sand is becoming scarce as huge amounts of construction works is taken up as the population is growing on year by year. In India, especially Andhra Pradesh which was recently separated from Telangana is posing a wide need for expression of several structures at capital and other urban centers. Therefore, alternative material for sand like vermiculite is to be assessed analyzed and recommended as a desirable material for construction works. In this present study, the different proportions of vermiculite were used as a replacement to the sand about 10%, 15%, 20% by weight of sand. The experimental investigation on strength properties and durability of vermiculite mortar was carried on and also supported with X-ray powdered analysis. The experimental results of vermiculite mortar had shown excellent results.
Keywords: Vermiculite, fine aggregates, OPC, Acid attack
Introduction
The advance in the open field of Construction Industry represents a huge step towards for making cement mortar a high-tech material with enhanced characteristics. Mortar is a broadly used construction substance for different types of construction due to its stability and strength. Every mortar structure should do its intended functions through the anticipated life of the structure, regardless of external exposure conditions. The ability of mortar to hold out any environmental condition that may result in premature failure or several damages is a major worry to the engineering profession. The deteriorating effect of acid media on fine aggregate based construction has become a worrying problem all over the World. These media generally occur as acidic rains and mist. The use of vermiculite can achieve not only economic and ecological benefits, but technical benefits as well [1-12].
Determination of the influence of application of different proportions of Vermiculite on various water cement ratios and to produce an acidic resistance of mortar with good workability. The effectiveness of partial replacement of sand by its weight with 10%, 15%, 20% of vermiculite on compressive force, water absorption and Acid resistance with various mix proportions of mortar which holds in the vermiculite.
Materials
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC-53 Grade)
Sand
Table 1
Vermiculite
The vermiculite used for this work was obtained from Om Santhi Enterprises, jogipalli, SPSR Nellore (Dt). Table 2.
Table 2: The vermiculite used for this work was obtained from Om Santhi Enterprises, jogipalli, SPSR Nellore (Dt).
Water
The water used for improvement of free of acids, organic matter, suspended solids, alkalis and impurities which when present may have adverse effect on the strength of mortar.
Results and Discussion
Table 3
Grain size distribution value for vermiculite= 3.03
Table 3: Grain size distribution of vermiculite.
Figure: Grain size distribution for vermiculite.
Compressive Strength of Mortar Containing Vermiculite
The values of Compressive strength of reference specimen and the specimens containing various percentages of vermiculite with different water cement ratios. Table 4.
Table 4: Compressive strength values for 20% vermiculite.
Figure 4: Compressive strength of mortar with replacement of 20% vermiculite.
From the Figure 4.7.1, it can be seen that the replacement percentage of vermiculite is 20%, the maximum strength is obtained at 0.45 water cement ratio. It is found that Compressive strength is decreases with the increase in the water cement ratio. Table 5.
Table 5: Compressive strength values for 15% vermiculite mortar.
Figure: Compressive strength of mortar with replacement of 15% vermiculite.
From Figure, it can be seen that the replacement percentage of vermiculite is 15%. Maximum strength is obtained at 0.45 water cement ratio. It is found that compressive strength is decreased with the increasing of water cement ratio. The compressive strength values of 15% vermiculite cubes are more with compared to 20% vermiculite. Table 6.
Table 6: Compressive strength values for 10% vermiculite mortar.
Figure: Compressive strength of mortar with replacement of 10% vermiculite.
From the Figure 4.7.3, it can be seen that the percentage of vermiculite is 10%, maximum strength is obtained at 0.45 water cement ratio. It is found that compressive strength is increased with decreasing of water cement ratio but workability is decreased because the absorbing capacity of water is more for vermiculite. From the above result by comparing to 20% replacement of vermiculite and 15% replacement of vermiculite 10% vermiculite give a good result. Mortar is nonstructural members for that reason the strength is not a major aspect. Table 7
Table 7: Compressive strength values for conventional mortar.
Figure 4.7.4: Compressive strength of conventional.
From the above figure 4, it can be seen that the without any replacement of vermiculite with different water cement ratios maximum strength is obtained at 0.45 water cement ratio.
Acid Attack on Vermiculite Mortar
Effect of acid attack on mortar containing 20% vermiculite
The acid test values of the specimens containing 20% vermiculite with different water cement ratios after immersed in acid are found experimentally and it is given below in table 8
Table 8: Result of acid attack for 20% vermiculite.
Figure: Acid test of mortar with replacement of 20% vermiculite.
From figure above, it shows that the values of weight loss are decreased with increasing of water cement ratio. It is found that the replacement of 20% vermiculite will reduces the weight loss in acid attack and this statement can be verified in above graph.
Effect of acid attack on mortar containing 15% vermiculite
The acid test values of specimens containing 15% vermiculite with different water cement ratios after immersed in acid are found experimentally and it is given below Table 9.
Table 9: Results of acid attack for 15% vermiculite.
Figure: Acidic test of mortar with replacement of 15% vermiculite.
From Figure, it is found that the replacement of 15 % of vermiculite also reduces the weight loss in acid attack but it is lower when compared to 20% of vermiculate. The decrease of percentage of vermiculite maintains the weight loss in acid attack as represented in above graph 4.9.2.
Effect of acid attack on mortar containing 10% vermiculite
The acid test values of the specimens containing 10% vermiculite with different water cement ratios after immersed in acid are found experimentally and it is given below table 10.
Table 10: Result of acid attack for 10% vermiculite.
Figure: Acidic test of mortar with replacement of 10% vermiculite.
From Figure 4.9.3 it is found that the replacement of 10 % of vermiculite also reduces the weight loss in acid attack but it is lower when compared to 15% & 20% of vermiculate. The decrease of percentage of vermiculite maintains the weight loss in acid attack as represented in 4.9.3 graph.
Effect of Acid Attack on Conventional Mortar Containing 100% Sand
The acid test values of the conventional specimens with different water cement ratios after immersed in acid are found experimentally and it is given below Table 11.
Table 11: Result of acid attack for conventional.
Figure: Acidic test of mortar for conventional.
From Figure 4.9.4 it is found that loss of weight is more in conventional with compare to 10%, 15% & 20% of vermiculite.
Loss of Weights of Specimens
Comparison between 20% vermiculite and conventional mortar due to loss of weight
The loss of weights for 20% vermiculite and conventional specimens after immersed in acid are found experimentally and it is given below Table 12.
Table 12: Results due to of loss of weight for 20% vermiculite& conventional.
Figure: 20% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of weights.
Comparison between 15%vermiculite and conventional due to loss of weights
The loss of weights for 15% vermiculite and conventional specimens after immersed in acid are found experimentally and it is given below Table 13.
Table 13: Result due to of loss of weight for 15% vermiculite& conventional.
Figure: 15% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of weights.
Comparison between 10% vermiculite and conventional cubes due to loss of weights
The loss of weights for 10% vermiculite and conventional specimens after immersed in acid are found experimentally and it is given below Table 14.
Table 14: Result due to of loss of weight for 10% vermiculite& conventional.
Figure: 10% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of weights.
Compressive Strength Values Before Acid Attack and After Acid Attack
Table 15: Compressive strength values for 20% vermiculite by acid attack.
Table 16: Compressive strength values variation for 15% vermiculite by acid attack.
Table 17: Compressive strength values variations for 10% vermiculite by acid attack
Table 18: Compressive strength values variation for conventional by acid attack.
Figure: Variations of compressive strengths for 20% vermiculite.
Figure: Variations of compressive strengths for 15% vermiculite
Figure: Variations of compressive strengths for 10% vermiculite.
Figure 4: Variations of compressive strengths for conventional.
Loss of Compressive Strengths
The comparison of controlled mortar with 20% vermiculite mortar containing different water cement ratios are 0.45, 0.55, 0.65. The loss of compressive strength values of the conventional and 20% vermiculite mixes are found experimentally and it is given below Table 19 & 20.
Table 19: Comparison between 20% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of compressive strengths
Table 20: Comparison between 15% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of compressive strength
Figure: 20% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of compressive strength.
Figure: 15% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of compressive strength.
The comparison of controlled mortar with 15% vermiculite mortar containing different water cement ratios are 0.45, 0.55, 0.65. The loss of compressive strength values of the conventional and 15% vermiculite mixes are found experimentally and it is given above Table 21.
Table 21: Comparison between 10% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of compressive strength.
Figure: 10% vermiculite and conventional due to loss of compressive strength.
The comparison of controlled with 10% vermiculite mortar containing different water cement ratios are 0.45, 0.55, 0.65. The loss of compressive strength values of the conventional and 10% vermiculite are found experimentally and it is given above Table.
Weight Comparisions
The average weight values are calculated for 20%, 15%, 10% vermiculite and also for conventional and tabulated below 22.
Table 22: Mass values for different proportions of vermiculite.
Figure 4.13.1 Mass values difference between vermiculite and conventional.
From the above Table 20%, 15% and 10% vermiculite is light weight with compare to conventional. 20% vermiculite gives best result for light weight mortar these values are graphically shown in figure X-ray Powder Diffraction Analysis:
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analysis
X-Ray diffraction analysis has been used for the fingerprint characterization of pozzolanic material and for the determination of their crystal structures. The basis of the diffraction phenomenon is that the wavelength of the incident radiation (i.e., X-rays) is in the order of magnitude of the inter atomic distance in the crystalline solids. The XRD results of conventional and fine aggregate with partial replacement with 10% by vermiculite fines are presented in above Fig..and Fig .XRD results are presented in Table.
Figure: XRD Result for conventional mix.
Figure: XRD Result for 10% Replaced by vermiculite.
Table 23.: XRD Patterns.
Conclusion
- Influence of application of different proportions of Vermiculite on various water cement ratios was noticed.
- Acidic resistance of vermiculite mortar with good workability and better strength to with stand harsh environmental conditions is achieved.
- Partial replacement of sand by its weight with 10%, 15%, and 20% of vermiculite was done and it is recommended to achieve good results at 10% replacement levels in compressive
- In acid attack test 15% vermiculite achieve good result with compare to conventional
- Mortar with 20% vermiculite is light weight with compare to conventional mortar with 100%
- Compressive strength, water absorption and Acid resistance tests with various proportion of mortar which contains the vermiculite was performed and Positive results were noticed at 10% replacement levels, 20% vermiculite and 15% vermiculite.
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